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SUMMARY & TABLES
Population 15 years old and Over, April 1995 Employed Persons by Type of Industry, Aprill 1995 (000) Number and Area of Farms by crop Inventory of Livestocks and Poultry, 1993 Production and Area of Major Crops Number of Area of Farms, by Tenure, 1991 Fishery Production by Major Species Fishing Gear Used by Commercial Fishing Fishing Boat Used by Commercial Fishing Fishing Gear used by Municipal Fishing Industries by Major Classification Number of LGU-Registered Business Establishments UTILITIES AND FACILITIES Inventory of Registered Vehicles, 1994 Inventory of Bridges, 1994 (in linear meters)
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NATURAL
RESOURCES STATUS OF LAND CLASSIFICATION 1993
Seventy-three percent of the total land area comprises alienable and disposable land which can be privately owned. As much as 41% of the forestland remains unclassified public forest and there exists still substantial hectarage of reserves dipterocarp forest growth. Compared to the other provinces in Eastern Visayas, Southern Leyte has the smallest timberland area at 10,140 hectares. Although the area of alienable and disposable land is quite large, only around 12% of the total land area is suitable for cultivation. Like in Northern Leyte, the most extensive soil type in the province is class N, suitable for forest growth or tree plantation. Pasture land is also extensive. Soil erosion is very extensive. More than 30% of the province’s land area show signs of severe soil erosion. Severe erosion usually occurs on steep, hilly or mountainous areas with slopes above 30%. Around 24% of the land area is slightly eroded and another 26% is moderately eroded. go top
There are several river basins in the province and the major ones are the Bisay, Himbangan and Pandan basins. Himbangan is the largest with a drainage area of 120 square kilometers and an estimated annual run-off of 228 million cubic meters. The second largest is Pandan with a drainage area of 114 square kilometers and an estimated annual run-off of 217 million cubic meters. The Bisay basin has a drainage area of 103 square kilometers and an estimated annual run-off of 196 million cubic meters.go top Southern Leyte has only one watershed forest reserve, the Hinablan-Lawigan Forest Reserve. It covers an area of 4,536 hectares and is located in the towns of Libagon, St. Bernard, Hinunangan and Silago. According to the 1993 data from Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau, no mineral reserved had been discovered in the province.go top
In 1990, the total population of the province was 321,507. The municipality of Maasin was the most populated where 20% of the total households lived. The population density in the province averaged at a high 186 persons per square kilometer. Bontoc had the highest population density at 243 persons per square kilometer.go top POPULATION 15 YEARS OLD AND OVER. APRIL 1995
Participation Rate – 74.81% Unemployment Rate – 12.24% Underemployment Rate – 8.10% Unemployment + Underemployment Rate – 20.34% Thirty-five percent of the 262,000 potential labor force is not in the labor force. Of the 196,000 workers in the labor force, more than 12% are officially unemployed.go top EMPLOYED PERSONS BY TYPE OF INDUSTRY. APRIL 1995 (IN 000)
Of the 172,000 employed, 72% are in agriculture and a mere 5% are in industry. Most of the jobs in the province are still in the rural areas.go top The average yearly family income of P41,029 in the province was higher than in Northern Leyte. The amount was equivalent to about P3,419 a month. Around 71% of the families earned below this average. The richest nine percent of the all families in the province earned three to seven times the provincial average. Most of the families got their incomes from subsistence crop farming. Quite significant was the greater number of families who mainly depended on assistance from relatives working in other parts of the country or abroad than the number of households who earned wages and salaries. go top
Fifty-seven percent of the total area of farmlands is planted to coconut. The second largest hectarage, 17% of total agriculture land, is covered by palay farms. Rootcrops and fiber crops are also cultivated in substantial areas. Banana and corn farms cover less than 2,000 hectares each.go top Palay production in 1993 was 38,800 metric tons and average at about 79 cavans (at 40 kilos a cavan) per hectare. This productivity is high compared to other provinces in the region especially the Samar provinces. Coconut production reached 30,43 metric tons and average yield per hectare was relatively low at little over one metric ton. Large harvests of banana and rootcrops, which are also staple food crops, were achieved in 1993. Abaca production was also significant at almost 4,000 metric tons. Many farms reported raising livestock and poultry.go top
NUMBER AND AREA OF FARMS BY CROP
INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY, 1993
PRODUCTION AND AREA OF MAJOR CROPS, 1993
According to the 1991 agriculture census, most of the farms in the provinces were operated under more than one form of tenure. Counted by registered operators, the majority of farms were fully owned or possessed in ownerlike status such as in the case of holders of Certificates of Land Transfer. However, tenancy remained widespread, practiced in almost 60% of all farms encompassing 45% of the total agricultural land area in the province. Lease arrangements, in many cases essentially forms of tenancy, existed in another 8% of all farms.go top PRODUCTION MECHANIZATION AND POST-HARVEST FACILITIES Traditional tools like animal-drawn plow, harrow and sled remained the dominant equipment in farm work in the province. However, there was an increased use of tractors in land cultivation. Many peasant did not own the equipment, even traditional tools, they used. For instance, around 30% of farmers who used the plow reported borrowing or renting the tool. The incidence of borrowing or renting was higher for more expensive equipment such as tractors and other powered tools.go top
Fish production in 1993 was 9,435 metric tons. Commercial and municipal fishing contributed almost shares in local output. Among the species commonly caught in the province are frigate tuna, roundscad, indian mackerel and indian sardines. Aquaculture output was very small in 1993 and came from brakishwater pond stocked with milkfish (bangus). PRODUCTION MECHANIZATION AND POST-HARVEST FACILITIES The common fishing gear for commercial fishing included hook and line, purse seine, bag net and gill net. No trawl fishing was reported in the last survey of fishing equipment. The commercial fishing vessels in the province weight less than 50 tons. As of last count, there were 30 registered commercial fishing boats. Small-scale fishing utilized mainly line fishing and smaller nets. Municipal fisherfolk also used purse seine, bag nets and drift/gill nets. Many subsistence fishfolk used non-powdered bancas or caught fish in shallow waters. Others had motorized bancas which numbered 1,373 in the province according to the latest available survey. Thirty-two fishponds covering 302 hectares were operated in the province. All were brackishwater fish ponds.go top FISHERY PRODUCTION BY MAJOR SPECIES
FISHING GEAR USED BY COMMERCIAL FISHING, 1980
FISHING BOAT USED BY COMMERCIAL FISHING, 1980
FISHING GEAR USED BY MUNICIPAL FISHING, 1980
Based on the 1993 data from Mines & Geo-Sciences Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, no mine or quarry was registered in the province. However, production of sand and gravel was reported in 1992 and reached 29,995 cubic meters with a value of P4.6 million.go top
INDUSTRIES BYMAJOR CLASSIFICATION, 1994
Almost all of the 294 manufacturing industries in the province are classified as cottage industries employing less than 10 workers, in most instances unpaid family labor, and utilizing very simple production technique. There are also eight small-scale industries employing 10-99 employees and these are mainly in handicraft production.go top
There are 11 banks in the province and these include six rural banks, three commercial banks and two specialized government banks. Not all the municipalities are serviced by rural banks. The aggregate resources base of the banks amounted to P482 million in 1993.go top
NUMBER OF LGU-REGISTERED BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS, 1994
As of 1994, there were 1,165 registered establishments in the province. Most of these firms were engaged in trade. Firms providing community, social and personal services accounted for 28% while manufacturers make up one-forth of the total number of establishments.
The majority of these establishments are small family-based endeavors. Those in trade, for instance, mostly include sari-sari stores and small groceries, rice and agricultural crop traders, and retailers of agricultural inputs. Service establishments mainly cover single proprietorships of barbershops and beauty parlors, recreational centers, etc.
Land. Most of the national road are paved with gravel while most of the provincial road are asphalted. Municipal roads are generally made of gravel and all barangay roads are gravel and earth roads. There are 230 bridges along the national highway of Southern Leyte. Most of these bridges are made of concrete and considered permanent. The Land Transportation Office registered a total of 5,025 vehicles in the province in 1994. Most of these are for private use. The usual modes of public transport in the province are jeepneys and tricycles/motorcycles.go top INVENTORY OF REGISTERED VEHICLES, 1994
INVENTORY OF BRIDGES, 1994 (In linear meters)
Water. There is one major port in Maasin town and 13 other municipal ports in different parts of the province. Air. The only airport in the province is in Maasin, a feeder port. Two telephone operators provide services in the province, TELOF, based in Maasin and the Eastern Visayas Telephone Company, operating from Sogod. TELOF has a capacity of 300 lines and 407 working lines. The other company has a capacity of 200 lines and 144 working lines. There is only one AM station, owned by the Philippine Broadcasting Co. (DYRR) in SLSAT Compound, Sogod.go top Most of the irrigation systems in the province are communal. National irrigation systems covers 5,279 farms with an aggregate area of 9,017 hectares.go top Only 52% of households in the province enjoy piped water. The number of households who get their water from other sources are 8,770 from spring, water, 5,635 from artesian wells, 5,062 from open wells, 2,705 from pump, 234 from lakes and streams, and 28 from rainwater.go top The Southern Leyte Electric Cooperative serves 14,860 residential houses, 310 small commercial establishments, and 377 public facilities. The provinces also sources its electricity from the geothermal power plant in Tongonan, Leyte.go top
Based on the 1991 housing census, most of the occupied housing units in the province were without strong roof materials and almost half of them had outer walls made from less durable materials. Although most of the households owned the housing units they occupied, most of them did not own the lot occupied by the housing units.go top Public schools provide most of the elementary education in the province. There are 52 secondary schools in the province, mostly public high schools. There are also six institutions of higher learning.
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